Efectos interactivos entre la irradiancia solar y la demanda eléctrica en la calidad de energía de una microrred fotovoltaica universitaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51343/rq.v17i1.2050Palabras clave:
Calidad de la energía, Interacción irradiancia-carga, Microrredes, Distorsión armónica, Regresión jerárquicaResumen
La operación de microrredes con integración fotovoltaica (FV) exhibe una dinámica compleja donde la irradiancia solar y la demanda eléctrica interactúan simultáneamente, modificando el desempeño operativo y los parámetros de calidad de energía (PQ). Este estudio analiza empíricamente cómo la combinación de irradiancia y carga influye sobre la distorsión armónica, el flicker y la estabilidad de tensión en una microrred universitaria equipada con un sistema FV de 14.85 kWp. Utilizando únicamente datos del escenario Híbrido (FV+Red), se modelaron los efectos principales y de interacción mediante regresión jerárquica, revelando que la distorsión armónica total de corriente (THDi) responde de manera no aditiva a la variación simultánea de irradiancia y carga. El modelo final (R² ajustado = 0.718) indicó un efecto de interacción significativo (p < 0.01), evidenciando que la calidad de energía se degrada más severamente bajo condiciones de alta irradiancia y alta demanda. Estos resultados demuestran la necesidad de modelos de PQ que incorporen interacciones operativas para el diseño optimizado y la gestión dinámica de microrredes fotovoltaicas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 José Callasi Quispe, Dany Cañihua Flórez, Rodrigo Pacheco Rayme
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