La impresionante diversidad y estructura del bosque tropical a través de una gradiente altitudinal en la selva central del Perú
Abstract
Los bosques pre-montanos y montanos son poco estudiados y su composición florística es muy poco conocida, aunque últimamente aquí se han descubierto nuevas especies de árboles. Describimos la diversidad, composición florística y estructura del bosque en 13 parcelas permanentes de 1 ha, evaluadas en el 2018 en el Transecto Yanachaga en el Perú (400 a 3170
msnm). Registramos un total de 6998 árboles, 617 especies, 249 géneros y 82 familias. Existe unas altas correlaciones entre la altitud, la riqueza y diversidad de especies. La mayor riqueza
ocurre en la parcela PNY-05 a 470 msnm con 202 especies y la menor con 43 especies en la parcela PNY-01 a 3170 mnsm. La altura promedio del dosel es mayor entre los 400 y 800 msnm, y disminuye progresivamente a medida que se va subiendo, presentando alturas mínimas entre 2800 y 3170 msnm. Este mismo comportamiento ocurre con respecto al área basal y volumen de madera. Los individuos muestreados están representados por especies de árboles (88%), palmeras (4%), helechos arborescentes (6.5%), lianas (1.5%) y hemiepífitos leñosos (0. 03%). Las f ormas de vi da varí an notablemente en el transecto altitudinal, los árboles y palmeras son más abundantes y diversos en la parte baja, mientras los helechos arborescentes son abundantes por encima de los 1800 m. Existen diferencias en la diversidad, composición y estructura de árboles entre parcelas y también si se compara al llano amazónico. Los bosques del Transecto Yanachaga juegan un papel importante, puesto que conservan una alta diversidad de especies y hábitats.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2023 Abel Monteagudo, María Villalba, Nadir Pallqui, Oliver Phillips, Timothy Baker, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Georgia Pickavance, Wilfredo Chávez, Rodolfo Vásquez, Rocío Rojas, Luis Valenzuela, Víctor Chama, Damien Catchpole, Isau Huamantupa, Yahn Soto, Álvaro Ramos, Carolina Ramírez, Miguel Pedraza, Gisela Huari, Karina Banda, Eurídice Honorio, William Farfán-Rios, Hugo Dueñas, Rolando Monteagudo, Gloria Calatayud, Jorge Garate, Manuel J. Marca-Zevallos.
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