Microplásticos en efluentes de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales vertidos en aguas superficiales: Una revisión sistemática

Ariana Johana Javier Quiroz; Arleth Shantal  Socola Saldaña; Mario Antonio Anaya Raymundo

doi:10.51343/racs.v7i1.1417

Ariana Johana Javier Quiroz Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2846-2858
Arleth Shantal Socola Saldaña Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2846-2858
Mario Antonio Anaya Raymundo Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2846-2858

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51343/racs.v7i1.1417

Palabras clave: Emisiones ambientales, Concentraciones de microplásticos, PTARs, nanoplásticos

Resumen

La prevalencia del plástico impacta las fuentes de aguas superficiales, lo cual es visto a través de reportes de concentraciones de microplásticos (MPs) en efluentes finales de Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTARs). El objetivo de la presente revisión fue analizar los niveles de concentración de MPs en estos efluentes alrededor del mundo, utilizando bases de datos como Springerlink, ScienceDirect y ACS Publications. Seleccionando 51 estudios publicados entre los años 2018 y 2023. Los más altos niveles de MPs en sus efluentes se encuentran en rangos de 49428 MPs/L a 182x106 MPs/L. Aunque existen estudios en donde se cuantifica concentraciones <1 MPs/L, diferentes estudios de una misma región pueden variar las concentraciones desde rangos de 0.044 a 1030 MPs/L. Además, se mencionan factores potencialmente influyentes en estas concentraciones, como los procesos de las PTARs, las metodologías de estudio, las actividades realizadas en la región, y otros como el clima y densidad poblacional, que necesitan de más pruebas para demostrar su impacto. El 41% de los estudios recalcan que aún con cifras bajas de MPs en los efluentes, estas se vuelven significativas, por los altos volúmenes descargados continuamente por las PTARs considerándolos una vía de contaminación importante.

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