Estado del arte de tecnologías de remediación de suelos contaminados por plomo: Revisión Sistemática 2014-2024
Resumen
El plomo (Pb), un metal pesado derivado principalmente de actividades antrópicas como la industria y la minería generando serios problemas ambientales y de salud al acumularse en el suelo. En el presente estudio se revisa sistemáticamente las tecnologías de remediación de suelos contaminados por plomo entre los años 2014 y 2024, empleando la metodología PRISMA. Se identificaron un total de 346 artículos relacionados, provenientes de la base de datos Scopus (335 registros) y Science Direct (11 registros adicionales) en ambos utilizando las palabras clave: “remediation” AND “lead-contaminated” AND “soil” .
Tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se eliminaron 218 artículos por duplicados o falta de relevancia temática; quedando así con 128 artículos para una revisión detallada del cual se eliminaron artículos
que no tenían acceso libre, no indicaban porcentaje de eficiencia, el tema central no era la remediación, no eran artículos de investigación y no estaban redactados en español ni en inglés. Finalmente, se obtuvieron
43 artículos de las dos bases de datos usadas. Los principales hallazgos destacan que el 53.5% de las investigaciones emplearon tecnología fisicoquímica, con una eficacia de remoción mayor al 80% y predominio de procesos ex situ. China presentó mayor número de publicaciones con 25. Y durante el periodo de estudio se apreció una disminución de estudios a partir del 2022.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Jose Daniel Pariona Janampa, Lily Denise Tello Peramas, Jazmín Milagros Roque Ponce, Nobelí Katherine Carreño Condori, Alejandro Jose Manayay Aranda, Leslie Laura Teodora Meza Hualaparuca, Alexandra Sheyla Zapana Oro
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