Meta-análisis de la resistencia a la compresión no confinada de suelos estabilizados con Xanthan
Resumen
La estabilización del suelo se orienta a la mejora de las características de suelos con limitaciones técnicas mediante la incorporación de materiales adicionales, generando así suelos optimizados para soportar cargas
estructurales y prevenir daños geotécnicos. La bioestabilización emplea métodos biológicos como una opción alternativa al uso de cemento, cuyo empleo trae graves consecuencias ambientales. El polisacárido extracelular bacteriano denominado goma Xanthan ha sido objeto de estudio como estabilizante del suelo. No obstante, la diversidad de resultados presentes en la literatura científica subraya la necesidad de una
consolidación de los efectos observados sobre la propiedad geotécnica de resistencia a la compresión simple. En el presente estudio, se consolidaron los valores de compresión simple documentados en artículos indexados mediane un metaanálisis de 27 artículos. Los principales hallazgos incluyen el desarrollo de una superficie de respuesta para los valores de compresión simple en distintos tipos de suelos, considerando variados tiempos de curado y diferentes dosificaciones de goma Xanthan. Se concluye que la cantidad de goma Xanthan aplicada al suelo puede clasificarse en micro, meso y macro dosis. Asimismo, los períodos de curado necesarios para alcanzar mejoras en la resistencia oscilan desde unas pocas horas hasta varios meses. La efectividad de la goma Xanthan para incrementar la resistencia a la compresión simple está fuertemente influenciada por el tipo de suelo; se ha determinado que la resistencia puede cuadruplicarse en las arcillas. Finalmente, se han identificado las principales lagunas de conocimiento vinculadas a la estabilización de suelos mediante goma Xanthan.
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