Biopelículas de microalgas y cianobacterias, pioneras en la colonización y deterioro del monumento de saqsaywaman

Yuri Nilton Cjuno Huaman; Rogelio Siclla Villanueva; Olga Libia  Cjuno Huanca

doi:10.51343/racs.v8i1.1503

Autores/as

Yuri Nilton Cjuno Huaman Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1450-6718
Rogelio Siclla Villanueva Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0553-877X
Olga Libia Cjuno Huanca Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6419-5834

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51343/racs.v8i1.1503

Palabras clave:

Biopelículas, Microalgas, Cianobacterias, Estructuras líticas, Deterioro, Conservación, Monumento arqueológico

Resumen

El Parque Arqueológico Nacional de Saqsaywaman, en Cusco, Perú, enfrenta la problemática del deterioro causado por la colonización de biopelículas de microalgas y cianobacterias. Estos, junto a bacterias y hongos, participan en el deterioro de las estructuras líticas, alterando la cohesión de las partículas superficiales de dichos materiales. Este hecho representa un desafío en la conservación de este monumento de importancia histórica. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar microalgas y cianobacterias presentes en las biopelículas que colonizan las estructuras líticas. Para ello, se colectaron muestras de biopelículas en 14 puntos, distribuidos en cinco sitios representativos de este complejo arqueológico. Las muestras se cultivaron en medios BG-11 y BBM para obtener especímenes descriptibles, que permitieran su caracterización morfológica mediante microscopía óptica. Los datos obtenidos se compararon con la base de datos disponible en AlgaeBase. Se logró identificar 9 géneros de cianobacterias, 5 géneros de Chlorophyta, 1 género de Charophyta y 1 género de Ochrophyta. Este estudio constituye el primer reporte taxonómico de cianobacterias y microalgas asociadas biopelículas en las estructuras líticas del monumento de Saqsaywaman. Los hallazgos no solo amplían el conocimiento científico, sino también orientaran intervenciones futuras, mediante diseño de estrategias de conservación y manejo integral del patrimonio cultural.

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