![](data:image/png;base64,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)
58
Néstor Daniel Loyola Ríos
Revista
YACHAQ
•
N
.º
12
el instrumento internacional que continuó al
«Marco de Acción de Hyogo para 2005-2015:
Aumento de la resiliencia de las naciones y las
comunidades ante los desastres», la «Estrate-
gia Internacional para la Reducción de Desas-
tres» de 1999, la «Estrategia y Plan de Acción
de Yokohama para un Mundo más Seguro» de
1994 y el «Decenio Internacional para la Re-
ducción de los Desastres Naturales» de 1989.
El Marco de Sendai (2015), en su acápite
II, consagra como objetivo «la reducción sus-
tancial del riesgo de desastres y de las pérdi-
das ocasionadas por los desastres, tanto en
vidas, medios de subsistencia y salud, como
en bienes económicos, físicos, sociales, cultu-
rales y ambientales de las personas, las em-
presas, las comunidades y los países».
Además, en su acápite IV, fija 4 priorida-
des: «1) Comprender el riesgo de desastres;
2) Fortalecer la gobernanza del riesgo de de-
sastres; 3) Invertir en la reducción del riesgo de
desastres para la resiliencia; y, 4) Aumentar la
preparación para casos de desastre a fin de dar
una respuesta eficaz y para reconstruir mejor en
los ámbitos de la recuperación, rehabilitación y
reconstrucción» (Marco del Sendai, 2015).
Finalmente, se resalta que la reducción
del riesgo de desastres es una responsabilidad
compartida entre los gobiernos con la socie-
dad civil, el sector académico, las empresas
y los medios de comunicación. También, se
resalta que los países en desarrollo son más
propensos a desastres, por lo que merecen
una particular atención debido a sus mayores
niveles de vulnerabilidad y riesgo. De ahí que
sea urgente en estos casos promover la coo-
peración internacional y la creación de alianzas
duraderas en el plano regional e internacional
para aplicar el convenio.
2.2. La Agenda 2030 sobre el Desarrollo
Sostenible
Fue aprobada en el año 2015, por los es-
tados miembros de las Naciones Unidas para
mejorar el nivel de vida de las personas. Cuen-
ta con 17 objetivos, entre los cuales resalta la
eliminación de la pobreza y el hambre, garan-
tizar una vida sana, disponibilidad de agua,
energía, saneamiento, educación inclusiva,
equitativa y de calidad, lograr la igualdad entre
los géneros y empoderar a las mujeres y ni-
ñas, promover el crecimiento económico sos-
tenido y el trabajo decente, facilitar el acceso a
la justicia, entre otras.
No obstante ello, es importante señalar
que este instrumento también recoge objetivos
específicos respecto de los desastres natura-
les y el cambio climático. Por ejemplo, para al-
canzar el «Objetivo 11: Lograr que las ciudades
y los asentamientos humanos sean inclusivos,
seguros, resilientes y sostenibles», se prevé
como metas las siguientes:
11.5. De aquí a 2030, reducir significati-
vamente el número de muertes causadas
por los desastres, incluidos los relaciona-
dos con el agua, y de personas afectadas
por ellos, y reducir considerablemente las
pérdidas económicas directas provocadas
por los desastres en comparación con el
producto interno bruto mundial, haciendo
especial hincapié en la protección de los
pobres y las personas en situaciones de
vulnerabilidad.
11. b. De aquí a 2020, aumentar consi-
derablemente el número de ciudades y
asentamientos humanos que adoptan e
implementan políticas y planes integrados
para promover la inclusión, el uso eficien-
te de los recursos, la mitigación del cam-
bio climático y la adaptación a él y la re-
siliencia ante los desastres, y desarrollar
y poner en práctica, en consonancia con
el Marco de Sendai para la Reducción del
Riesgo de Desastres 2015-2030, la ges-
tión integral de los riesgos de desastre a
todos los niveles.
Asimismo, el «Objetivo 13: Adoptar medi-
das urgentes para combatir el cambio climá-
tico y sus efectos», incluye una serie de me-
tas, tales como: «13.1 Fortalecer la resiliencia